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2 Thermal properties The thermal (and electrical) properties of any material are related to the vibrations of its atoms around their equilibrium positions (in a lattice crystal). The amplitude of thse vibrations depends on e temperature and diminishes asthe temperature decreases. Physical Properties Gases • Corrosion: oxidation of metals to their oxides • Whatever is reduced is the oxidizing agent, because it makes the other thing get oxidized Activity Series: This chart can be used to determine the voltage of a voltaic cell. The anode of the cell will be oxidized and the cathode will be reduced, causing the cathode's electrode to gain mass and the anode's The frst important property that can be derived from the graphs is the stiffness of the material, also known as its Young's modulus, which is represented by the symbol E. Stiffness is equal to the initial slope of the Physical Properties of Metals The following are the physical properties of metal : T he phys i c a l prope rt i e s m a ke t he m us e ful for m a ny purpos e s . F or e .g. C oppe r i s us e d i n m a ki ng e l e c t ri c w i re s , gol d i s us e d t o m a ke j e w e l l e ry, s t a i nl e s s s t e e l i s us e d t o m a ke pot s , pa ns , e t c M e t a l s re a c t w i t h nonm e t a l s t Physical Properties of Metals and Non-Metals. The important physical properties of metals and non-metals are given below: Physical State: Metals are generally solids at room temperature. Mercury and gallium are the only metals that exist in the liquid state at this temperature. Non-metals occur in all the three states-solids, liquids and gases The Mechanical Properties include Elasticity, Plasticity, Ductility, Malleability, Hardness, Toughness, Brittleness, Tenacity, Fatigue, Fatigue resistance, Impact Resistance property, Machineability, Strength, Strain Energy, Resilience, Proof Resilience, Modulus of Resilience, Creep, Rupture, and Modulus of Toughness. The atoms comprising a metal are arranged in a certain geometric pattern, specific for that particular metal or alloy, and are maintained in that pattern by interatomic forces. When so arranged, the atoms are in their state of minimum energy and tend to remain in that arrangement. Work must be done on the metal (that is, energy must be Properties of metals. Conduct heat and electricity. Are malleable (can be hammered and made into different shapes) and ductile (can be drawn into wires) Tend to be lustrous (shiny) Have high density and usually have high melting points. Form positive ions through electron loss. Form basic oxides. What is a chemical property? • The ability to produce a change in the composition of matter. • They can be observed only when one substance in a sample of matter is changed into another substance. Ex.-whenever something is burned, that substance becomes something completely different. The ability to burn is a chemical property. The physical properties of liquid metals. R. Guthrie, 飯田 孝道. Published 1988. Materials Science. Virtually all metals are produced by a process in